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 The Introit Gaudeamus omnes, scripted in square notation in the 14th—15th century Graduale Aboense, honors Henry, patron saint of Finland. |
额我略平咏（又译为格列高利圣咏、格雷葛果聖歌、利果聖歌）是西方单声圣歌的主要传统，是一种单声部、无伴奏的罗马天主教宗教音乐。额我略平咏主要是在第9世纪和第10世纪，法兰克人到达西欧和中欧期间发展起来，后来继续有所增加和编写。通常人们认为是教宗额我略一世发明了格列高利圣咏，但学者们认为是在后来的加洛林王朝时期，综合了罗马圣咏和高卢圣咏而形成。
额我略平咏共有8种调式。
传统上，额我略平咏由男人或男孩组成的唱诗班在教堂中演唱，或由妇女和男人
目录 |
历史
早期单声圣歌的发展
在基督教会最初的时期，无伴奏的歌唱就已经是基督教礼拜仪式的一部分。直到1990年代中期，古犹太圣诗对早期基督教仪式和圣诗的影响得到广泛公认。但这一观点已不被学者接受，因为分析显示大部分早期基督教圣诗并没有歌本，而这些圣诗在公元70年第二圣殿被毁后，已经有数百年未在犹太会堂中演唱了。 [1] 不过，早期基督教仪式却是融合了犹太仪式的元素，保存在后来的圣咏传统中。祈祷时刻来源于犹太的祷告时间。“阿们”和“哈利路亚”都来自于希伯来语， “三圣颂”来源于。[2] -->
新约中提到，在最后晚餐中唱了圣诗：“他们唱了诗，就出来往橄榄山去。” [3]。
新传统的起源
早期资料与后来的修订
音乐形式
调式
早期的
- 调式1、2 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on D, sometimes called 多里安调式（Dorian mode）and Hypodorian.
- 调式3、4 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on E, sometimes called Phrygian and Hypophrygian.
- 调式5、6 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on F, sometimes called Lydian and Hypolydian.
- 调式7、8 are the authentic and plagal modes ending on G, sometimes called 米索利地安调式（Mixolydian mode）and Hypomixolydian.
符号
The Liber usualis uses square notation, as in this excerpt from the Kyrie eleison (Orbis factor).
演奏
节奏
礼拜仪式
影响
中世纪与文艺复兴音乐
20世纪
注释
References
- Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 2-85274-094-X
- Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
- Apel, Willi（1990）．Gregorian Chant．Bloomington, IN：Indiana University Press．ISBN 0-253-20601-4．
- Crocker, Richard（1977）．The Early Medieval Sequence．University of California Press．ISBN 0-520-02847-3．
- Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37-54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-02807-0
- Hiley, David（1995）．Western Plainchant: A Handbook．Clarendon Press．ISBN 0-19-816572-2．
- Hoppin, Richard, ed.（1978）．Anthology of Medieval Music．W. W. Norton & Company．ISBN 0-393-09080-9．
- Hoppin, Richard（1978）．Medieval Music．W. W. Norton & Company．ISBN 0-393-09090-6．
- Le Mee, Catherine（1994）．Chant : The Origins, Form, Practice, and Healing Power of Gregorian Chant．Harmony．ISBN 0-517-70037-9．
- Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1-22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33752-6
- McKinnon, James, ed.（1990）．Antiquity and the Middle Ages．Prentice Hall．ISBN 0-13-036153-4．
- Neuls-Bates, Carol, ed.（1996）．Women in Music．Boston：Northeastern University Press．ISBN 1-55553-240-3．
- Parrish, Carl（1986）．A Treasury of Early Music．Mineola, NY：Dover Publications, Inc.．ISBN 0-486-41088-9．
- Robinson, Ray, ed.（1978）．Choral Music．W.W. Norton & Co.．ISBN 0-393-09062-0．
- Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
- Wilson, David（1990）．Music of the Middle Ages．Schirmer Books．ISBN 0-02-872951-X．
See also
External links
- Geoffrey Chew and Richard Rastall: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 27 June 2006), (subscription access)
- sites of abbeys and schola according to the method of Dom Gajard. Gregedit Gregorian Software[1]
- H. Bewerung: "Gregorian chant", Catholic Encyclopedia, [2]
- Joseph Dyer: "Roman Catholic Church Music", Section VI.1, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 28 June 2006), (subscription access)
- David Hiley and Janka Szendrei: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 June 2006), (subscription access)
- Kenneth Levy: "Plainchant", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 20 January 2006), (subscription access)
- William P. Mahrt: "Gregorian Chant as a Paradigm of Sacred Music," Sacred Music, 133.3, pp. 5-14 online at MusicaSacra.com
- James W. McKinnon: "Christian Church, music of the early", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 11 July 2006), (subscription access)
- Canticum Novum, Lessons on Gregorian Chant: Notation, characteristics, rhythm, modes, the psalmody and scores at http://interletras.com/canticum/Eng/index1_Eng.html
- Justine Ward, "The Reform of Church Music," Atlantic Monthly, April 1906 online at Musicasacra.com
- Liber usualis online - MIDI Collection of Traditional Catholic Hymns and chants http://romaaeterna.jp//
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| 固定彌撒: | 憐憫頌 (垂憐頌) | 榮歸主頌 (光榮頌) | 信經 | 三聖哉頌 (歡呼歌) | 讚頌詞 | 信德奧蹟 | 羔羊頌 | 你們解散去 或 讓我們祝福主 |
| 常用彌撒: | 宣 (進堂詩) | 昇階聖詩 | 哈利路亞頌 或 連唱曲 | 繼抒詠 | 獻禮頌 | 領主曲 |
| 主咏: | 祝文 | 書信經課 | 福音經課 | Secret | Preface | Canon | Postcommunion |